The previous articles traced the eight payout types and how they compose into products. An IRS is two InterestRatePayouts. A CDS is an InterestRatePayout plus a CreditDefaultPayout. A commodity swap is a FixedPricePayout plus a CommodityPayout. But if the product type is expressed only through composition, how does a system know what to call it? … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (20) — Product Qualification: The Product Is What Its Structure Says It Is →

The previous articles traced six extensions of PayoutBase. This article covers the final two: CommodityPayout  and FixedPricePayout. They belong together because they are the fixed and floating legs of a commodity swap — the same compositional pattern as an IRS, but for physical goods rather than interest rates. One leg pays a fixed price per unit. The other … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (19) – CommodityPayout and FixedPricePayout →

The previous articles traced five extensions of PayoutBase:  InterestRatePayout (scheduled) CreditDefaultPayout (contingent) OptionPayout (conditional) SettlementPayout (deterministic) and PerformancePayout (performance-based). This article covers the sixth: AssetPayout (collateral-based). At its core, AssetPayout models the movement of securities against cash — a repo, a reverse repo, a securities lending transaction, a buy/sell-back. Where every other payout type is about cash flows, AssetPayout is about asset flows. Securities … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (18) – AssetPayout: Securities Financing, Repo and Asset-Based Obligations →

The previous articles traced four extensions of PayoutBase:  InterestRatePayout (scheduled) CreditDefaultPayout (contingent) OptionPayout (conditional) SettlementPayout (deterministic). This article covers the fifth: PerformancePayout (performance-based). At its core, PerformancePayout models a payment determined by the observed performance of a market observable — the appreciation of a stock, the dividends paid by an index, the realised variance of a currency pair, the correlation within a … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (17) – PerformancePayout: Modelling Return-Based Products →

The previous articles traced three extensions of PayoutBase, InterestRatePayout (scheduled),  CreditDefaultPayout (contingent), and OptionPayout (conditional). This article covers the fourth and simplest: SettlementPayout (deterministic). At its core, SettlementPayout models a forward commitment. Two parties agree today to exchange one thing for another at a fixed price on a future date. Both are obligated. Neither has a choice. No schedule. No contingency. … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (16) – SettlementPayout: From Trade Terms to Asset Settlement →

The previous article introduced the business meaning of OptionPayout — a conditional right attached to anything, appearing in three structural roles across products. This article walks through the type structure itself: the attributes, how they map to the four stages of F-PAL framework, and how they differ from the InterestRatePayout and CreditDefaultPayout structures we have … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (15) – OptionPayout: The Structure and Composition →

The previous articles traced two extensions of PayoutBase: InterestRatePayout (scheduled) and  CreditDefaultPayout (contingent). This article introduces a third: OptionPayout (conditional). At its core, OptionPayout models a right, not an obligation. Someone holds the right to do something. Someone else bears the obligation if that right is exercised. The right may be exercised on a single date, on multiple dates, or continuously … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (14) – OptionPayout: Business Meaning and Product Examples →

The previous articles traced InterestRatePayout through all four F-PAL stages — from economic intent to settled cashflow. At its core, InterestRatePayout represents a scheduled obligation: someone pays interest to someone else, on known dates, according to an agreed rate logic. It is used for the fixed and floating legs of a swap, the coupon stream of a … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (13) – CreditDefaultPayout: Scheduled vs Contingent →

In the previous article, I discussed Value Determination for InterestRatePayout — how contractual terms become calculated amounts through calculation periods, rate observations, day count fractions, compounding, and discounting. But a calculated amount is not the end of the story. USD 2,616,889 is just a number. To become a financial fact, it needs a payer, a … Continue reading AI-Native Financial Data Foundation (12) — InterestRatePayout: Settlement / Realisation →