Exploring the future of financial data architecture: AI-native financial data foundation, large-scale financial data processing, and financial AI safety & governance
Tag: Pricing
Mark-to-Market (MTM) is the process of valuing an asset, liability, or financial instrument, such as a forex forward contract, at its current market price rather than its book value or historical cost. The calculated MTM value represents the profit or loss that would be realised if the contract were settled at the current market exchange … Continue reading Mark-to-Market of Forex Forward Contract
In the previous blog, I manually crafted the Python code for pricing CDS without relying on third-party quant libraries. While this approach was useful for understanding the underlying algorithm, in practice, it's preferable to use a mature, validated library for standardisation when available. In this blog post, I will revisit the CDS pricing exercise using … Continue reading Pricing Credit Default Swap with QuantLib
Some Basics of Credit Default Swap (CDS) A Credit Default Swap is a credit derivative instrument that functions as a form of insurance, where one party pays a series of premiums to another party in exchange for protection against the risk of default by the issuer of the underlying debt. Parties Involved: Protection Buyer - Owns … Continue reading Pricing Credit Default Swaps
The concept of "capped and floored floating-rate bonds" is covered in Section 9, Module 3 of the CFA Fixed Income curriculum. Compared to fixed-rate bonds, floating-rate bonds have distinct features that make their valuation and pricing more complex. In this blog post, I will begin by discussing the key features of floating-rate bonds and then … Continue reading Pricing Capped and Floored Floating-Rate Bonds with QuantLib
In CFA Fixed Income curriculum, module 3, section 3, "Effect of Interest Rate Volatility", the impact of interest rate volatility on the value of callable and putable bonds is explored. In this blog post, I will replicate the examples from the CFA curriculum using Python code, leveraging the QuantLib library for bond valuations, including: Effect … Continue reading Effect of Interest Rate and Volatility
The valuation and analysis of bonds with embedded options is the most focused topic discussed in the CFA Level 2 Fixed Income curriculum. These types of bonds, such as callable and puttable bonds, introduce an additional layer of complexity due to the optionality features embedded within the instrument. In this blog post, I will discuss … Continue reading Pricing Callable and Putable Bonds with QuantLib
The Monte Carlo simulation method for pricing fixed-income instruments is introduced in CFA Level 2, Fixed Income, Module 2, Section 7. In this blog post, I will walk through the coding of the steps outlined in the CFA curriculum. The Monte Carlo approach can be computationally intensive, especially due to the need for simulating a … Continue reading Parallel Monte Carlo Simulations with DolphinDB
The interest rate term structure models are discussed in the CFA curriculum, Fixed Income, Module 2, Section 8. This section focuses on understanding how interest rates evolve over time, with models used to explain and predict the term structure of interest rates. Modeling the future path of interest rates is critical for a wide range … Continue reading Simulating Future Interest Rates Path
The Z-spread is an important metric for analysing the yield premium on a bond. It measures the constant spread over the benchmark yield curve, typically a risk-free curve, representing the additional credit or liquidity risks associated with the bond. Key features of Z-spread Risk-free benchmark - the Z-spread is measured with a risk-free curve as … Continue reading Calculate Z-Spread with QuantLib
The spot curve forms the foundation for pricing fixed income securities and interest rate-related instruments. It represents the yields on zero-coupon bonds across various maturities under current market conditions. By using the spot curve to discount the cash flows generated by these securities, we can derive their prices. The other rate, such as forward rates, … Continue reading Bootstrapping Spot Rate Curves
Data Ninjago (Financial Data Architecture) 
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